{"id":8049,"date":"2026-10-29T06:25:24","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T06:25:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/?p=8049"},"modified":"2026-10-29T06:25:25","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T06:25:25","slug":"a-ground-mount-solar-plant-with-bess-in-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/case-studies\/a-ground-mount-solar-plant-with-bess-in-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"A ground-mount solar plant with bESS &#8211; In practice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Project Summary<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Grid Interface: 400 V LV \/ 11 kV MV<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This project involved the design of a ground-mounted solar PV plant paired with a battery energy storage system (BESS), combining PV generation, energy storage and grid interface equipment into a single integrated design. The headline figures for the system are summarised below.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PV System Capacity: 897.12 kWp DC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PV AC System Capacity: 400.00 kW AC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Battery Energy Storage Capacity: 940.40 kWh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PV Modules: 1,424 \u00d7 630 Wp bifacial modules<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PV Inverters: 4 \u00d7 100 kW AC inverters<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BESS: 4 \u00d7 235.1 kWh battery cabinets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grid Interface: 400 V LV \/ 11 kV MV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1223\" height=\"825\" src=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-58.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8050\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-58.png 1223w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-58-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-58-1024x691.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-58-768x518.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1223px) 100vw, 1223px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Design Considerations<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The final construction design should be checked against the applicable project-specific standards, manufacturer requirements and grid-connection requirements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Array orientation, tilt, row spacing and pitch were selected as part of the overall site layout.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inverter string configuration was designed around the module and inverter electrical limits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cable sizing and voltage drop were considered for DC, LV AC, MV and BESS circuits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PV and BESS equipment were coordinated within the overall site and electrical layout.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grid interface equipment includes LV AC combining, transformer, MV switchgear and G100 protection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Design and Technology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The design addressed these considerations through a detailed technical specification covering the PV modules, inverters, mounting structure, array layout, inverter stringing, battery storage, cabling, monitoring, earthing and civil works.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Solar PV Modules<\/em><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Module Type: AE SOLAR AE CMER-132BDS 630 W bifacial module.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power Rating: 630 Wp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Module efficiency: 23.34% at STC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Voc: 50.20 Vdc; Vmp: 42.00 Vdc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Isc: 16.09 A; Imp: 15.00 A.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maximum system voltage: 1500 Vdc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Module dimensions: 2382 \u00d7 1133 \u00d7 30 mm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Module weight: 33.7 kg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Inverter System<\/em><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inverter Type: SOLIS S6-GC100K.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quantity: 4 units.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AC rating: 100 kW per inverter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nominal AC voltage: 400 V.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maximum output current: 167.1 A.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maximum DC voltage: 1100 V.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MPPT operating voltage: 160\u20131000 V.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MPPT \/ strings per MPPT: 10 \/ 2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EU weighted efficiency: 98.3%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Mounting System<\/em><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Structure: Fixed-tilt, single-support system with driven piles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orientation: South-facing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Module orientation: Portrait.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Azimuth: 180\u00b0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilt angle: 20\u00b0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inter-row spacing: 6.560 m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pitch distance: 11.056 m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mounting racks: 32 \u00d7 2-row \u00d7 10-column and 56 \u00d7 2-row \u00d7 7-column configurations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Electrical Configuration<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1024x512.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8051\" style=\"width:1024px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image.png 1055w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong><strong><strong>Array Layout<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The PV array uses a fixed-tilt, south-facing ground-mount arrangement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The layout provides dedicated access roads, pedestrian routes, PV perimeter space and equipment areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The array is divided into 2-row \u00d7 10-column and 2-row \u00d7 7-column rack configurations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The design uses 6.560 m inter-row spacing and 11.056 m pitch distance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The layout incorporates four PV inverters and eight DC combiner boxes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Inverter Stringing<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1-1024x564.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1-1024x564.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1-768x423.png 768w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1.png 1055w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The design documentation identifies 14 strings of 14 modules for each 100 kW inverter, giving 196 modules per inverter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PV*SOL Performance<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The supplied PV*SOL simulation provides the following performance reference for the sample PV system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"909\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8054\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-3.png 909w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-3-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-3-768x499.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 909px) 100vw, 909px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Battery Energy Storage System<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Battery system: Alpha ESS STORION-LC235.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quantity: 4 battery cabinets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Battery capacity: 235.1 kWh per cabinet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total BESS capacity: 940.40 kWh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PCS: PWS1-500KTL-EX-8M1, 500 kW.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BESS transformer: WT500K, 500 kVA, 400 V \/ 400 V, Dyn11.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC\/DC converter: PDS1-400K.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC junction cabinet and BESS house are included in the design.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EMS and SCADA are included for control, monitoring and energy management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BESS Electrical Configuration<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"906\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8055\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-4.png 906w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-4-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-4-768x383.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cable Selection &amp; Voltage Drop<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PV string cabling: 6 mm\u00b2 copper cable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Typical string-to-inverter voltage drop is below 1% in the supplied calculations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PV inverter AC cabling: 4C \u00d7 240 mm\u00b2 plus 1C \u00d7 120 mm\u00b2 copper cable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The supplied calculations show inverter AC voltage drops from approximately 1.10% to 2.67%, depending on cable route length.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PV transformer to MV switchgear: 3C \u00d7 50 mm\u00b2 MV cable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BESS DC cabling from the DC junction cabinet to battery cabinets uses 2C \u00d7 50 mm\u00b2 cable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitoring &amp; Energy Management<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EMS is provided for energy management and system control.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SCADA provides system monitoring and communication.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RS485, Ethernet and associated communication interfaces are shown in the supplied electrical documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The design includes export\/import metering and G100 protection\/control equipment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Battery management communication includes BAMS and CAN interfaces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Earthing &amp; Protection<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The design includes dedicated earthing routing for PV and BESS equipment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PV module frames and exposed metallic equipment are connected to the earthing system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The supplied design specifies a minimum 4 mm\u00b2 copper conductor for grounding exposed PV module frames.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G100 protection is included at the grid interface.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The electrical design incorporates DC and AC surge protection and isolation equipment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Civil Works &amp; Access<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The design includes underground cable trenches and dedicated cable routes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC cables are routed through underground ducting where required.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dedicated access roads and pedestrian access routes are provided.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equipment areas are allocated for PV inverters, combiner equipment, transformer, BESS and electrical plant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The layout provides a defined PV perimeter and maintenance access.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Taken together, the design demonstrates that the PV and BESS system can be engineered as a coordinated, code-compliant whole, with the key design decisions validated against performance and electrical requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"614\" src=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-61-1024x614.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8057\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-61-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-61-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-61-768x460.png 768w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-61-1320x791.png 1320w, https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-61.png 1438w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Project Summary Grid Interface: 400 V LV \/ 11 kV MV This project involved the design of a ground-mounted solar PV plant paired with a battery energy storage system (BESS), combining PV generation, energy storage and grid interface equipment into a single integrated design. The headline figures for the system are summarised below. Key [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":8056,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[131,129,227],"class_list":["post-8049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-case-studies","tag-case-study","tag-finuedge","tag-italy-solar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8049"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8058,"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8049\/revisions\/8058"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.finulent.com\/insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}